Commonly recognized abbreviations for English versions of the Bible are used without periods: NIV, RSV, NEB, etc. Abbreviations for the metric system (cm, kg, km, etc.) and those in the following list are to be used, both in the main text and in references, without periods:
HB Hebrew Bible
MS(S) Manuscript(s)
MT Masoretic Text
NT New Testament
OL Old Latin
OT Old Testament
QL Qumran Literature
LXX Septuagint
VL Vetus Latina
The following terms are to be abbreviated in parenthetical references, but should be spelled out when they occur in the text.
The term "page(s)" is spelled out when it occurs in the text without a number; it is abbreviated (p[p].) when it occurs in the text with a number, and is normally omitted from parenthetical references and footnotes.
The term "verse(s)" is spelled out when it occurs in the text without a number; it is abbreviated wherever it occurs followed by a number.
The following abbreviations are to be used with chapter or chapter and verse. When the name of the book is used without chapter and verse, it should be written in full.
The abbreviation tg(s). represents targum(s). The name of the targum may also be abbreviated: Tg. Onq. = Targum Onqelos. When used with chapter and verse number the citation reads: Tg. Onq. Gen 1:3-4.
The following are the abbreviations and accepted spellings of the names of the tractates of the Mishnah, the Tosefta, and the Babylonian or Jerusalem Talmud. The abbreviations, as well as the tractates, are italicized (underlined). Differentiation between Mishnah and Babylonian Talmud is made by the manner of writing chapter and verse: Ber. 8:2 (Mishnah) and Sabb. 31a (Babylonian Talmud). A letter t., placed before the tractate, indicates Tosefta; the y. (or j.) indicates Jerusalem Talmud.
Reference works and serials titles not found in this list must be written out in full. Titles of journals and books are italicized (hence underlined), but titles of serials are set in roman characters, as are acronyms of authors' names when they are used as sigla
AASOR | Annual of the American Schools of Oriental Research |
AB | Anchor Bible |
ABD | Anchor Bible Dictionary |
AcOr | Acta orientalia |
ADAJ | Annual of the Department of Antiquities of Jordan |
AHR | American Historical Review |
AJA | American Journal of Archaeology |
AJT | American Journal of Theology |
ANEP | Ancient Near East in Pictures |
ANET | Ancient Near Eastern Texts |
ANF | The Ante-Nicene Fathers |
AnOr | Analecta orientalia |
ANRW | Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt |
ARG | Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte |
ATR | Anglican Theological Review |
AusBR | Australian Biblical Review |
AUSS | Andrews University Seminary Studies |
BA | Biblical Archaeologist |
BARev | Biblical Archaeology Review |
BASOR | Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research |
BCSR | Bulletin of the Council on the Study of Religion |
BHS | Biblia hebraica stuttgartensia |
Bib | Biblica |
BBB | Bonner biblische Beiträge |
BIES | Bulletin of the Israel Exploration Society |
BJRL | Bulletin of the John Rylands Library |
BK | Bibel und Kirche |
BKAT | Biblischer Kommentar: Altes Testament |
BO | Bibliotheca orientalis |
BR | Biblical Research |
BSac | Bibliotheca Sacra |
BT | The Bible Translator |
BTB | Biblical Theology Bulletin |
BZ | Biblische Zeitschrift |
BZAW | Beihefte zur ZAW |
BZNW | Beihefte zur ZNW |
CAD | Chicago Assyrian Dictionary |
CBQ | Catholic Biblical Quarterly |
CH | Church History |
CHR | Catholic Historical Review |
CIG | Corpus inscriptionum graecarum |
CIJ | Corpus inscriptionum iudaicarum |
CIL | Corpus inscriptionum latinarum |
CIS | Corpus inscriptionum semiticarum |
CJT | Canadian Journal of Theology |
CQ | Church Quarterly |
CQR | Church Quarterly Review |
CT | Christianity Today |
CTJ | Calvin Theological Journal |
CTM | Concordia Theological Monthly |
CurTM | Currents in Theology. and Mission |
DOTT | Documents from OT Times, Thomas, ed. |
EDNT | Exegetical Dictionary of the NT |
EKL | Evangelisches Kirchenlexikon |
EncIs | Encyclopedia of Islam |
EncJud | Encyclopedia Judaica |
ER | Ecumenical Review |
EvQ | Evangelical Quarterly |
EvT | Evangelische Theologie |
ExpTim | Expository Times |
GRBS | Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies |
GTJ | Grace Theological Journal |
HeyJ | Heythrop Journal |
HR | History of Religions |
HTR | Harvard Theological Review |
HUCA | Hebrew Union College Annual |
IB | Interpreter's Bible |
ICC | International Critical Commentary |
IDB | Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible |
IEJ | Israel Exploration Journal |
Int | Interpretation |
ISBE | International Standard Bible Dictionary |
JAAR | Journal of the American Academy of Religion |
JAOS | Journal of the American Oriental Society |
JAS | Journal of Asian Studies |
JBL | Journal of Biblical Literature |
JBR | Journal of Bible and Religion |
JCS | Journal of Cuneiform Studies |
JEA | Journal of Egyptian Archaeology |
JETS | Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society |
JEH | Journal of Ecclesiastical History |
JES | Journal of Ecumenical Studies |
JJS | Journal of Jewish Studies |
JMeH | Journal of Medieval History |
JMES | Journal of Middle Eastern Studies |
JMH | Journal of Modern History |
JNES | Journal of Near Eastern Studies |
JPOS | Journal of the Palestine Oriental Society |
JQR | Jewish Quarterly Review |
JR | Journal of Religion |
JRAS | Journal of Royal Asiatic Society |
JRE | Journal of Religious Ethics |
JRelS | Journal of Religious Studies |
JSNT | Journal for the Study of the NT |
JRH | Journal of Religious History |
JRT | Journal of Religions Thought |
JSJ | Journal for the Study of Judaism |
JSOT | Journal for the Study of the OT |
JSS | Journal of Semitic Studies |
JSSR | Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion |
JTC | Journal for Theology and the Church |
JTS | Journal of Theological Studies |
LCL | Loeb Classical Library |
LW | Luther's Work, American Ed. |
LQ | Lutheran Quarterly |
MQR | Mennonite Quarterly Review |
Neot | Neotestamentica |
NHS | Nag Hammadi Studies |
NICNT | New International Commentary, NT |
NICOT | New International Commentary, OT |
NIDNTT | New International Dictionary of NT Theology |
NIGTC | New International Greek Testament Commentary |
NKZ | Neue Kirchliche Zeitschrift |
NovT | Novum Testamentum |
NPNF | Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers |
NRT | La nouvelle revue théologique |
NTA | New Testament Abstracts |
NTAp | NT Apocrypha, Schneemelcher |
NTS | New Testament Studies |
ODCC | Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church |
OLZ | Orientalistische Literaturzeitung |
Or | Orientalia (Rome) |
OrChr | Oriens christianus |
OTP | OT Pseudepigrapha, Charlesworth |
OTS | Oudtestamentische Studiën |
PEQ | Palestine Exploration Quarterly |
PG | Patrologia Graeca, Migne |
PL | Patrologia Latina, Migne |
PW | Pauly-Wissowa, Real Encyclopädie |
QDAP | Quarterly of the Department of Antiquities in Palestine |
RA | Revue d'assyriologie et d'archéologie orientale |
RAC | Reallexikon für Antike und Christentum |
RArch | Revue archéologique |
RB | Revue biblique |
REg | Revue d'égyptologie |
RelS | Religious Studies |
RelSoc | Religion and Society |
RelSRev | Religious Studies Review |
RevExp | Review and Expositor |
RevQ | Revue de Qumrân |
RevScRel | Revue des sciences religieuses |
RevSém | Revue sémitique |
RHE | Revue d'histoire ecclésiastique |
RHPR | Revue d'histoire et de philosophie religieuses |
RHR | Revue de l'histoire des religions |
RL | Religion in Life |
RLA | Reallexikon der Assyriologie |
RR | Review of Religion |
RRR | Review of Religious Research |
RSPT | Revue des sciences philosophiques et théologiques |
RSR | Recherches de science religieuse |
RTP | Revue de théologie et de philosophie |
SA | Sociological Analysis |
SB | Sources bibliques |
SBLDS | SBL Dissertation Series |
SBLMS | SBL Monograph Series |
SBLSBS | SBL Sources for Biblical Study |
SBLTT | SBL Texts and Translations |
SBT | Studies in Biblical Theology |
SCJ | Sixteenth Century Journal |
SCR | Studies in Comparative Religion |
Sem | Semitica |
SJT | Scottish Journal of Theology |
SMRT | Studies in Medieval and Reformation Thought |
SOr | Studia Orientalia |
SPB | Studia Postbiblica |
SSS | Semitic Studies Series |
ST | Studia Theologica |
TD | Theology Digest |
TDNT | Theological Dictionary of the NT |
TDOT | Theological Dictionary of the OT |
TEH | Theologische Existenz Heute |
TGl | Theologie und Glaube |
TJ | Trinity Journal |
TLZ | Theologische Literaturzeitung |
TP | Theologie und Philosophie |
TQ | Theologische Quartalschrift |
TRev | Theologische Revue |
TRu | Theologische Rundschau |
TS | Theological Studies |
TT | Teologisk Tidsskrift |
TToday | Theology Today |
TU | Texte und Untersuchungen |
TWOT | Theological Wordbook of the OT |
TZ | Theologische Zeitschrift |
UF | Ugarit-Forschungen |
USQR | Union Seminary Quarterly Review |
VC | Vigiliae christianae |
VT | Vetus Testamentum |
VTSup | Vetus Testamentum, Supplements |
WA | Luther's Works, Weimarer Ausgabe |
WBC | Word Biblical Commentary |
WTJ | Westminster Theological Journal |
ZA | Zeitschrift für Assyriologie |
ZAW | Zeitschrift für die alttestamentliche Wissenschaft |
ZDMG | Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft |
ZDPV | Zeitschrift des deutschen Palästina-Vereins |
ZEE | Zeitschrift für evangelische Ethik |
ZHT | Zeitschrift für historische Theologie |
ZKG | Zeitschrift für Kirchengeschichte |
ZKT | Zeitschrift für katholische Theologie |
ZMR | Zeitschrift für Missionskunde und Religionswissenschaft |
ZNW | Zeitschrift für die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft |
ZRGG | Zeitschrift für Religions- und Geistegeschichte |
ZST | Zeitschrift für systematische Theologie |
ZTK | Zeitschrift für Theologie und Kirche |
ZWT | Zeitschrift für wissenschaftliche Theologie |
